| Henriette DeLille | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1813 New Orleans, Louisiana |
| Died | 1862 |
| Honored in | Roman Catholic Church |
Venerable[1] Henriette DeLille (1813–1862) founded the Catholic order of the Sisters of the Holy Family, made up of free women of color, in New Orleans. The order provided nursing care and a home for orphans, later establishing schools as well. In 1989 the order formally opened its cause with the Vatican in the canonization of Henriette DeLille. She was declared venerable in 2010.
Contents |
Henriette Delille was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1813. Her father, Jean-Baptiste Lille Sarpy (var. de Lille) was born about 1758 in Fumel, Lot-et-Garonne, France.[2] Her mother, Marie-Josèphe "Pouponne" Díaz, a free quadroon, Creole of color of French, Spanish and African ancestry, was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. Their union was a common-law marriage typical of the contemporary plaçage system.[3] Her maternal grandparents were Juan José (var. Jean-Joseph) Díaz, a Spanish merchant, and Henriette (Dubreuil) Laveau, a Créole of color. Her paternal grandfather was Jean-Baptiste Lille Sarpy Sr., who had been born at Fumel to the marriage of Charles Sarpy and Susanne Trenty.[4] Her maternal great-grandmother is said to be Cécile Marthe Basile Dubreuil; she is considered to be a daughter of Claude Villars Dubreuil, born in 1716, who came to Louisiana from France.
Trained by her mother in French literature, music, dancing, and nursing, Henriette was groomed to take her place in the plaçage system as the common-law wife of a wealthy white man. As a young woman, under the watchful eye of her mother, she attended many quadroon balls, a chief element of their social world.
Henriette was drawn instead to a strong religious belief in the teaching of the Catholic Church, and resisted the life her mother suggested. She became an outspoken opponent of the system of plaçage, on the grounds that it represented a violation of the Catholic sacrament of marriage.
In 1827, at the age of 14, the well-educated Henriette began teaching at the local Catholic school. Over the next several years, her devotion to caring for and education of the poor grew, causing conflict with her mother.
In 1835, her mother suffered a nervous breakdown. Later that year, the court declared her incompetent, and granted Henriette control of her assets. After providing for her mother's care, Henriette sold all her remaining property. In 1836 she used the proceeds to found a small unrecognized congregation or order of nuns, the Sisters of the Presentation. The original members consisted of Henriette, seven young Créole women, and a young French woman.
Her brother Jean DeLille was strongly opposed to her activities. He, like other members of their family, was light skinned enough to pass for white, as they were octoroons, seven-eighths white in ancestry. His sister's actions within the Créole community exposed his heritage. Estranged from Henriette, Jean DeLille took his family and moved away from New Orleans to a small Créole community in Iberia Parish, Louisiana called La Côte-aux-Puces, now known as Grand Marais. There Jean DeLille married Amelia Dubreuil-Olivier, the free quadroon daughter of Charles Olivier de Vézin, former major in the French brigades of the Louisiana colony, and Adelaide Dubreuil, a free woman of color from New Orleans.
In 1837, Father Etienne Rousselon secured formal recognition of the new congregation from the Holy See. In 1842, the congregation changed its name to the Sisters of the Holy Family.
Henriette DeLille continued a life of service to the poor of New Orleans. She died in 1862. Friends attributed her death to a life of service, poverty, and hard work.
At the time of her death, there were 12 members of the order. By 1909, it had grown to 150 members, and operated parochial schools in New Orleans that served 1,300 students. By 1950, membership in the order peaked at 400.
The Sisters of the Holy Family remain active today, with over 200 members who serve the poor by operating free schools for children, nursing homes, and retirement homes in New Orleans and Shreveport, Louisiana; Washington, D.C; Galveston, Texas; Little Rock, Arkansas; California; and the Central American country of Belize.
Damage from the Hurricane Katrina in 2005 shut down the New Orleans operations of the order. Members formerly based in New Orleans are serving in other areas of the country.
In 2001, the Lifetime television channel premiered a movie based on the life of Henriette DeLille, The Courage To Love, which starred Vanessa L. Williams and Gil Bellows.